Lesson 15
Lesson 15
The Imperative Mood.
Он бешки кичээл
Grammar The Imperative Mood. Singular Дужаал наклонениези▾
Overview
A request, a command, or the speaker's wish is expressed by the imperative mood. This mood has forms in all three persons of the singular and plural, but it is most clearly expressed in the 2nd person singular, which coincides with the verb stem.
Persons of the singular
1st Person (мен): барайн — I will go; көрейн — I will look; кылын — I will do; келийн — I will come; чорууйн — I will go; чүлгүүйн — you will wipe.
2nd Person (сен): бар! — go!; көр! — look!; кыл! — do!; кел! — come!; чор(у)! — go!; чүлгү! — wipe it!
3rd Person (ол): барзын — let him go; көрзүн — let him look; кэлзин — let him come; чорзун — let him go; чүлгүзүн — let him wipe; чогаатсын — let him compose; кетсин — let him put on; чорутсун – let him send; көргүссүн – let him show.
The imperative verbs in the 1st singular have the endings -айн, -ейн, -ыйн, -ийн, -уйн, -үйн.
The imperative verbs in the 2nd person singular coincide with the stem form. For example, the stem form is көр-, and the imperative form is көр!; чору – чору!, etc.
The imperative verbs in the 3rd person singular h. have the endings -сын, -син, -сун, -сүн (if the stem of the verb ends in a voiceless consonant) and -зын, -зин, -зун, -зүн (if the stem of the verb ends in a vowel or the consonants г, л, р, м, н, ң, й).
2nd Person (сен): бар! — go!; көр! — look!; кыл! — do!; кел! — come!; чор(у)! — go!; чүлгү! — wipe it!
3rd Person (ол): барзын — let him go; көрзүн — let him look; кэлзин — let him come; чорзун — let him go; чүлгүзүн — let him wipe; чогаатсын — let him compose; кетсин — let him put on; чорутсун – let him send; көргүссүн – let him show.
The imperative verbs in the 1st singular have the endings -айн, -ейн, -ыйн, -ийн, -уйн, -үйн.
The imperative verbs in the 2nd person singular coincide with the stem form. For example, the stem form is көр-, and the imperative form is көр!; чору – чору!, etc.
The imperative verbs in the 3rd person singular h. have the endings -сын, -син, -сун, -сүн (if the stem of the verb ends in a voiceless consonant) and -зын, -зин, -зун, -зүн (if the stem of the verb ends in a vowel or the consonants г, л, р, м, н, ң, й).
Grammar The Imperative Mood. Plural ▾
Persons of the plural
1st person (bis): бараалы, көрээли, кылыылы, келиили, чоруулу, чүлгүүлү.
2nd person (siler): барыңар, келиңер, көрүңер, чоруңар.
3rd person (olar): барзыннар, көрзүннер, келзиннер, чорзун(нар), чүлгүзүн(нер).
Imperative verbs in 1 letter. pl. h. have the endings -алы, -эли, -ылы, -или, -улу, -үлү (if the stem of the verb ends in a vowel) and -аалы, -ээли, -ыылы, -иили, -уулу, -үүлү (if the stem of the verb ends in a consonant). For example, бижи – бижиили, көр – көрээли.
Imperative verbs in 2 liters. pl. h. have the endings -ңар, -ңер (if the stem ends in a vowel) and -ыңар, -иңер, -уңар, -үңер (if the stem of the verb ends in a consonant). For example, чор – чоруңар, кел – келиңер, көр – көрүңер, бар – барыңар.
Imperative verbs in 3 liters. pl. hours have the same endings as in 3 l. units h. or have the endings -нар, -нер. For example, ада – адазын(нар), кел – келзин(нер), час – чассын(нар), кет – кетсин(нер), кас – кассын(нар).
2nd person (siler): барыңар, келиңер, көрүңер, чоруңар.
3rd person (olar): барзыннар, көрзүннер, келзиннер, чорзун(нар), чүлгүзүн(нер).
Imperative verbs in 1 letter. pl. h. have the endings -алы, -эли, -ылы, -или, -улу, -үлү (if the stem of the verb ends in a vowel) and -аалы, -ээли, -ыылы, -иили, -уулу, -үүлү (if the stem of the verb ends in a consonant). For example, бижи – бижиили, көр – көрээли.
Imperative verbs in 2 liters. pl. h. have the endings -ңар, -ңер (if the stem ends in a vowel) and -ыңар, -иңер, -уңар, -үңер (if the stem of the verb ends in a consonant). For example, чор – чоруңар, кел – келиңер, көр – көрүңер, бар – барыңар.
Imperative verbs in 3 liters. pl. hours have the same endings as in 3 l. units h. or have the endings -нар, -нер. For example, ада – адазын(нар), кел – келзин(нер), час – чассын(нар), кет – кетсин(нер), кас – кассын(нар).
Exercises Exercises ▾
Exercise 1
Determine the person of each imperative verb. Write them out, grouped by person, and explain the spelling of their endings.
Чугаалашсын, чурузун, чагаалажыйн, чогаат, бижизин, дыңна, деткизин, болзун, чырытсын, теп, ит, ажылдаайн, чонайн, удузун, кортсун, өөрен, эртсин, дузалажыйн, дузалашсын, дузала, тайылбырлазын, тайылбырла, тайылбырлаайн, номчу, номчууйн, номчузун.
Чугаалашсын, чурузун, чагаалажыйн, чогаат, бижизин, дыңна, деткизин, болзун, чырытсын, теп, ит, ажылдаайн, чонайн, удузун, кортсун, өөрен, эртсин, дузалажыйн, дузалашсын, дузала, тайылбырлазын, тайылбырла, тайылбырлаайн, номчу, номчууйн, номчузун.
Exercise 2
Form the singular imperative in all three persons from the verb stems: үре- – to break; халы- – to jump; дүш- – to get down; ада- – to name; очулдур- – to translate.
Exercise 3
Form the plural imperative in all three persons from the verb stems: шаңна- – to reward; чала- – to invite; кас- – to dig; бер- – to give; башкар- – to lead, to manage; кыйгыр- – to call.
Exercise 4
Form imperative mood forms in all three persons singular and plural from the verb stems ал- – to take, бер- – to give, башкар- – to lead.
With all these forms, create short sentences that can be used in a dialogue.
With all these forms, create short sentences that can be used in a dialogue.