Lesson 16
Lesson 16
The Conditional Mood.
Он алдыгы кичээл
Grammar The Conditional Mood Даар наклонение▾
Meaning
Conditional verbs express:
a) an action as a necessary condition for another action: Дарга кээп шыдаваза, силер хуралды ажыдар силер – If the boss cannot come, you will open the meeting;
b) the speaker's wish, when the verb stands at the end of a sentence: Ажылды дүрген кылып каапса! – If only the work could be done faster!;
c) a concessive meaning with the particle -даа: Дарга кээп шыдаваза-даа, хурал болур – Even if the boss cannot come, the meeting will take place.
a) an action as a necessary condition for another action: Дарга кээп шыдаваза, силер хуралды ажыдар силер – If the boss cannot come, you will open the meeting;
b) the speaker's wish, when the verb stands at the end of a sentence: Ажылды дүрген кылып каапса! – If only the work could be done faster!;
c) a concessive meaning with the particle -даа: Дарга кээп шыдаваза-даа, хурал болур – Even if the boss cannot come, the meeting will take place.
Formation (singular)
The 1st person is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
a) -сымза, -сумза, -симзе, -сүмзе (after voiceless consonants). For example, чат + сымза = чатсымза – if I spread; чот + сумза = чотсумза – if I wipe; этсимзе – if I correct; көргүссүмзе – if I show;
b) -зымза, -зумза, -зимзе, -зүмзе (after vowels and consonants г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example, ал + зымза = алзымза – if I receive; холу + зумза = холузумза – if I mix; берзимзе – if I give; көрзүмзе – if you see.
2nd person is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
a) -сыңза, -суңза, -сиңзе, -сүңзе (after voiceless consonants). For example, чатсыңза – if you spread; чотсуңза – if you wipe; этсиңзе – if you straighten; көргүссүңзе – if you show;
b) -зыңза, -зуңза, -зиңзе, -зүңзе (after vowels and consonants г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example: барзыңза – if you go; холузуңза – if you mix; көрбезиңзе – if you don't see; үнзүңзе – if you go out. 3rd person is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
a) -са/-се (after voiceless consonants). For example, чат + са = чатса – if he spreads out; душ + са = душса – if he meets; четтик + се = четтиксе – if he makes it in time; көргүс + се = көргүссе – if he shows; b) -за/-зе (after vowels and г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example: ал + за = алза – if he takes; чуруза – if he draws; келзе – if he comes; үнзе – if he goes out.
a) -сымза, -сумза, -симзе, -сүмзе (after voiceless consonants). For example, чат + сымза = чатсымза – if I spread; чот + сумза = чотсумза – if I wipe; этсимзе – if I correct; көргүссүмзе – if I show;
b) -зымза, -зумза, -зимзе, -зүмзе (after vowels and consonants г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example, ал + зымза = алзымза – if I receive; холу + зумза = холузумза – if I mix; берзимзе – if I give; көрзүмзе – if you see.
2nd person is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
a) -сыңза, -суңза, -сиңзе, -сүңзе (after voiceless consonants). For example, чатсыңза – if you spread; чотсуңза – if you wipe; этсиңзе – if you straighten; көргүссүңзе – if you show;
b) -зыңза, -зуңза, -зиңзе, -зүңзе (after vowels and consonants г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example: барзыңза – if you go; холузуңза – if you mix; көрбезиңзе – if you don't see; үнзүңзе – if you go out. 3rd person is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
a) -са/-се (after voiceless consonants). For example, чат + са = чатса – if he spreads out; душ + са = душса – if he meets; четтик + се = четтиксе – if he makes it in time; көргүс + се = көргүссе – if he shows; b) -за/-зе (after vowels and г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example: ал + за = алза – if he takes; чуруза – if he draws; келзе – if he comes; үнзе – if he goes out.
Formation (plural)
The first person is formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem:
a) -сывыса, -сувусса, -сивиссе, -сүвүссе (after voiceless consonants). For example, чат + сывыса = чатсывыса – if we spread; вкуссувусса – if we meet; кетсивиссе – if we put on; көргүссүвүссе – if we show;
b) -зывысса, -зувусса, -зивиссе, -зүвүссе (after vowels and consonants г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example, барзывысса – if we go; чурузувуса – if we draw; келзивиссе – if we arrive; көрзүвүссе – if we see.
2nd person is formed by adding endings to the stem of the verb:
a) -сыңарза, -суңарза, -сиңерзе, -сүңерзе (after voiceless consonants). For example, маргышсыңарза - if you argue; чорутсуңарза – if you send; четтиксиңерзе - if you have time; көргүссүңерзе – if you show it;
b) -зыңарза, -зуңарза, -зиңерзе, зүңерзе (after vowels and consonants г, й, l, m, Н, ң, р). For example, алзыңарза - if you take it; чурузуңарза – if you draw; келзиңерзе – if you come; көрзүңерзе – if you see. The 3rd person is formed by adding endings to the verb stem:
a) -са, -се (after voiceless consonants). For example, чатса – if (they) spread; душса – if (they) meet; четтиксе – if (they) make it in time; көргүссе – if (they) show; b) -за, -зе (after vowels and consonants, г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example, алза – if (they) take; чуруза – if (they) draw; келзе – if (they) come; үнзе – if (they) go out.
Thus, the 3rd person singular and plural forms of the conditional mood have the same endings.
a) -сывыса, -сувусса, -сивиссе, -сүвүссе (after voiceless consonants). For example, чат + сывыса = чатсывыса – if we spread; вкуссувусса – if we meet; кетсивиссе – if we put on; көргүссүвүссе – if we show;
b) -зывысса, -зувусса, -зивиссе, -зүвүссе (after vowels and consonants г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example, барзывысса – if we go; чурузувуса – if we draw; келзивиссе – if we arrive; көрзүвүссе – if we see.
2nd person is formed by adding endings to the stem of the verb:
a) -сыңарза, -суңарза, -сиңерзе, -сүңерзе (after voiceless consonants). For example, маргышсыңарза - if you argue; чорутсуңарза – if you send; четтиксиңерзе - if you have time; көргүссүңерзе – if you show it;
b) -зыңарза, -зуңарза, -зиңерзе, зүңерзе (after vowels and consonants г, й, l, m, Н, ң, р). For example, алзыңарза - if you take it; чурузуңарза – if you draw; келзиңерзе – if you come; көрзүңерзе – if you see. The 3rd person is formed by adding endings to the verb stem:
a) -са, -се (after voiceless consonants). For example, чатса – if (they) spread; душса – if (they) meet; четтиксе – if (they) make it in time; көргүссе – if (they) show; b) -за, -зе (after vowels and consonants, г, й, л, м, н, ң, р). For example, алза – if (they) take; чуруза – if (they) draw; келзе – if (they) come; үнзе – if (they) go out.
Thus, the 3rd person singular and plural forms of the conditional mood have the same endings.
Exercises Exercises ▾
Exercise 1
Conjugate the verb базар – to press, to step, in the conditional mood, in the affirmative (бас-) and negative (баспа-) forms of the singular and plural.
Example: Мен бассымза; Бис бассывысса; Мен баспазымза; Бис баспазывысса.
Example: Мен бассымза; Бис бассывысса; Мен баспазымза; Бис баспазывысса.
Exercise 2
Translate the verbs into Tuvan and form the conditional in the 1st person singular and plural.
Example: to write – бижиир → бижизимзе / биживезимзе; бижизивиссе / биживезивиссе.
To write, to read, to look, to dig.
Example: to write – бижиир → бижизимзе / биживезимзе; бижизивиссе / биживезивиссе.
To write, to read, to look, to dig.
Exercise 3
Copy the poem. Find and underline the verbs in the conditional mood; determine their person and number.
Чашкы шаамда кызыл-даван
Чаштып ойнап чораан черге
Эштиң-өөрнүң аразынга
Ээлдек чаңнап орзумза де.
Таакпым үлеп экииргээштиң,
Таакпылажып көрзүмзе де.
Айтырыглар салгылаарга,
Аайын бодап сөглезе де.
Alexander Tvardovsky.
Чашкы шаамда кызыл-даван
Чаштып ойнап чораан черге
Эштиң-өөрнүң аразынга
Ээлдек чаңнап орзумза де.
Таакпым үлеп экииргээштиң,
Таакпылажып көрзүмзе де.
Айтырыглар салгылаарга,
Аайын бодап сөглезе де.
Alexander Tvardovsky.